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Additive Manufacturing for Extracellular Vesicle Therapeutics: Engineering Strategies for Production, Isolation, and

Renz Gabriel Garduque^1,2, Sanjairaj Vijayavenkataraman^1,2,3

¹The Vijay Lab, Division of Engineering, New York University, Abu Dhabi, UAE.

Advanced Healthcare Materials

|July 14, 2026

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Additive manufacturing (AM) enhances extracellular vesicle (EV) production and delivery for therapies. AM optimizes EV yield, quality, and scalability, overcoming current manufacturing challenges for clinical translation.

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Engineering
Regenerative Medicine
Nanotechnology

Background:

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) show therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine, immunotherapy, and drug delivery.
Clinical translation of EVs is hindered by manufacturing issues: low yield, purity challenges, inconsistent quality, and scalability limits.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the application of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies in overcoming EV manufacturing bottlenecks.
To analyze how AM parameters influence EV production, isolation, purification, and scaffold-based delivery.

Main Methods:

Examination of AM strategies across the EV production pipeline: production, isolation/purification, and delivery.
Analysis of AM variables (matrix stiffness, scaffold geometry, shear conditions, crosslinking chemistry) impact on EV characteristics.

Keywords:

3D printing additive manufacturing exosomes extracellular vesicles therapeutics

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Linking engineering principles with biological outcomes for EV manufacturing.

Main Results:

Additive manufacturing offers precise control over biomaterial composition and microarchitecture for EV production.
AM can significantly influence EV yield, cargo composition, membrane integrity, and functional potency.
AM demonstrates potential for improving manufacturing efficiency and product quality in EV therapeutics.

Conclusions:

Additive manufacturing presents a promising approach to address key manufacturing challenges in extracellular vesicle therapeutics.
AM technologies can enhance throughput, standardization, and translational readiness for clinical applications of EVs.
Integrating AM with biological considerations is crucial for realizing the full therapeutic potential of EVs.