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The Crunchometer, a low-cost, open-source acoustic analysis of feeding microstructure.

Elvi Gil Lievana1,2, Benjamin Arroyo1,2, Jesús Pérez-Ortega1,2,3

  • 1Laboratory Neurobiology of Appetite; Department of Pharmacology, CINVESTAV, Mexico City, Mexico.

Elife
|July 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A new low-cost acoustic system, the Crunchometer, precisely monitors solid food intake microstructure. This tool reveals how brain circuits, particularly in the lateral hypothalamus, regulate feeding behavior at the single-bite level.

Keywords:
acoustic feeding analysishigh-fat diet preferencelateral hypothalamusmicrostructure of solid food intakemouseneuroscienceobesityozempic

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Science
  • Bioacoustics

Background:

  • Understanding appetite control requires detailed analysis of solid food consumption.
  • Existing methods for monitoring feeding microstructure are often expensive or lack sufficient temporal resolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a low-cost, high-resolution acoustic system (Crunchometer) for analyzing solid food intake.
  • To investigate the neural circuits governing feeding behavior using this new tool.

Main Methods:

  • Developed the Crunchometer, an open-source acoustic system with computational algorithms.
  • Validated the system across different energy states and in response to pharmacological and dietary manipulations.
  • Integrated the Crunchometer with in vivo electrophysiology and calcium imaging in mice.

Main Results:

  • The Crunchometer accurately captures feeding microstructure and detects changes related to hunger/satiety, drug effects, and diet preference.
  • Identified 'meal-related' neurons in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) that track entire meals.
  • Discovered distinct LH neuronal populations (GABAergic and glutamatergic) encoding feeding, licking, or both.

Conclusions:

  • The Crunchometer is a robust and accessible platform for high-resolution analysis of feeding behavior.
  • LH neuronal ensembles differentially encode solid food versus liquid consumption.
  • This technology enables detailed dissection of the neural correlates of feeding at the single-bite level.