Blood Flow Restriction Therapy in the Shoulder: A Review

Blood flow restriction therapy (BFRT) describes the application of an occlusive device to an extremity to occlude arterial flow while maintaining venous return. BFRT has been shown to increase strength gains and muscle hypertrophy at lower weight loads than traditionally required. It is increasing in interest among orthopaedic surgeons, as demonstrated by the number of recent studies on BFRT. There is abundant evidence of the effects distal to the occlusive cuff, but limited research on the effects proximally. Therefore, we have explored current literature regarding BFRT in the shoulder, specifically reviewing proposed mechanisms of action, applications in healthy adults, and its use for non-operative and post-operative shoulder pain. Future research opportunities are also discussed. Level of Evidence: VI.