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"No Woman Belongs to Politics": Gender-Based Hate Speech Against Female Politicians in Czech Antiestablishment Groups
Jan Švec1, Zuzana Schreiberová2
1Institute of International Relations Prague, Centre for the Study of Global Regions, Prague, Czech Republic.
Abstract:
This article introduces a mixed-method framework for analyzing online gender-based violence. It combines automated analysis with qualitative investigation of periods of intensified hostility, providing a deeper understanding of the triggers, dynamics, and broader context of hostile communication. The framework is demonstrated through an analysis of content published in 17 Czech Facebook antiestablishment groups, drawing on a dataset of 1.94 million comments and 154 thousand posts. The empirical findings provide further evidence that female politicians are disproportionately targeted by gender-based and violent attacks, which are more frequently perpetrated by male users. The findings also highlight the role of disinformation and media amplification in initiating these attacks.
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