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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

Published on: October 7, 2025

MicroRNA: role in pathogenesis, problems of microRNA therapy, and future prospects.

E V Kugaevskaya¹, O S Timoshenko¹, T A Gureeva¹

¹Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia.

Biomeditsinskaia Khimiia

|July 14, 2026

Summary

MicroRNAs regulate gene expression and are promising cancer therapeutics. However, their clinical use is limited by toxicity and immunogenicity, necessitating targeted delivery strategies to manage off-target effects.

Keywords:

microRNA microRNA delivery systems microRNA therapy

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MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

Published on: October 7, 2025

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Published on: April 25, 2022

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genetics
Biochemistry

Background:

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules crucial for gene expression regulation.
They influence mRNA stability and translation across diverse biological processes.
Emerging evidence highlights miRNAs as potent genetic regulators with links to human diseases, especially cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the therapeutic potential of microRNAs in treating diseases, particularly malignancies.
To address the challenges hindering microRNA-based therapy, such as off-target effects.
To investigate strategies for targeted delivery of microRNAs to disease sites.

Main Methods:

Review of current research on microRNA function and therapeutic applications.
Analysis of preclinical data on microRNA-based therapies.
Exploration of targeted delivery systems to mitigate off-target effects.

Main Results:

MicroRNAs demonstrate significant potential as therapeutics for restoring cellular functions, especially in cancer.
Clinical translation of microRNA therapeutics is limited by toxicity and immunogenicity concerns.
Targeted delivery systems offer a promising approach to overcome off-target effects.

Conclusions:

MicroRNAs hold promise as a novel class of therapeutics, particularly for cancer treatment.
Managing off-target effects, including toxicity and immunogenicity, is critical for advancing microRNA-based therapies.
Developing effective targeted delivery systems is essential for the successful clinical application of microRNAs.