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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Use of Rabbit Eyes in Pharmacokinetic Studies of Intraocular Drugs
10:02

Use of Rabbit Eyes in Pharmacokinetic Studies of Intraocular Drugs

Published on: July 23, 2016

Vitrectomy Status Alters Early Intravitreal Drug Distribution: An Ex Vivo PET-CT Study.

Sabrina Wohlfart1,2, Hellen Gertrud Roettgen1,3, Niklas Junker1

  • 1The David J Apple Laboratory for Vision Research, University Eye Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg Germany.

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
|July 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary

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Intravitreal drug diffusion differs significantly between native and vitrectomized eyes. Hyaluronic acid hydrogel shows drug distribution similar to the natural vitreous, impacting ophthalmic surgery outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pharmacology
  • Biomedical Imaging

Background:

  • Intravitreal drug delivery is crucial for treating posterior segment eye diseases.
  • Understanding drug distribution in the vitreous cavity is essential for optimizing treatment efficacy.
  • Ophthalmic surgeries, such as vitrectomy, alter the vitreous environment, potentially affecting drug diffusion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the early-phase spatial drug distribution of intravitreally administered bevacizumab and vancomycin.
  • To compare drug distribution in native human and porcine eyes versus vitrectomized eyes filled with BSS, silicone oil, or a hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel.

Main Methods:

  • Ex-vivo study using human and porcine eyes.
  • Eyes were either native or vitrectomized and filled with BSS, silicone oil, or hyaluronic acid hydrogel.

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  • Intravitreal bevacizumab and vancomycin were labeled with Gallium-68 and imaged using PET-CT for up to six hours.

    • Main Results:

    • Vitrectomized eyes showed significantly increased early spatial drug spread compared to native eyes (e.g., bevacizumab filled volume 36.5% vs. 16.5%).
    • Bevacizumab diffused faster than vancomycin in the native vitreous.
    • Bevacizumab was not soluble in silicone oil, and diffusion in hyaluronic acid hydrogel was slower than in BSS-filled eyes in the early phase.

    Conclusions:

    • Ophthalmic surgical interventions and vitreous substitutes significantly impact early drug diffusion in the vitreous cavity.
    • Early-phase diffusion of protein drugs, like bevacizumab, within a hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel is comparable to that in the native vitreous body.