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Sex- and Gender-Focused Education in Cardiovascular Nursing: Implications for Clinical Practice and Health Equity
Anna Vittoria Mattioli1, Milena Nasi, Marcello Pinti
1Anna Vittoria Mattioli, MD, PhD, Full professor of Advanced Medical and Surgical Technology and Methodology, Department of Quality of Life Sciences, University of Bologna-Alma Mater Studiorum, Italy. Milena Nasi, PhD, Associate Professor of Pathology, Department of Surgical, Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy. Marcello Pinti, PhD, Full professor of Pathology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy.
Background:
Sex- and gender-based differences significantly influence cardiovascular disease presentation, diagnosis, treatment response, and outcomes, contributing to persistent health disparities. Despite this, gender-focused education remains inconsistently integrated into cardiovascular nursing curricula.
Purpose:
Our aim, in this discussion paper was to examine the benefits and challenges of incorporating sex- and gender-focused care into cardiovascular nursing education and to highlight its role in improving clinical practice and promoting health equity.
Conclusions:
Integrating gender-focused education enhances nurses' ability to recognize both sex- and gender-specific differences, improves clinical decision-making, and supports more equitable care delivery. However, implementation is limited by curriculum constraints, lack of faculty expertise, and the risk of reinforcing stereotypes. Structured, evidence-based approaches are needed to ensure effective integration.
Clinical Implications:
Embedding sex- and gender-focused care into nursing education can improve diagnostic accuracy, optimize treatment strategies, and foster patient-centered and culturally responsive care. This approach is essential to reduce disparities and enhance outcomes in cardiovascular health.
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