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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Surgical Techniques for Catheter Placement and 5/6 Nephrectomy in Murine Models of Peritoneal Dialysis
07:11

Surgical Techniques for Catheter Placement and 5/6 Nephrectomy in Murine Models of Peritoneal Dialysis

Published on: July 19, 2018

Targeting Soluble PD-1 Alleviates Peritoneal Fibrosis by Modulating PD-L1 Recycling and Mesothelial-Mesenchymal

Hongbin Peng1, Shidong Feng1, Kaiying Xiao2

  • 1Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.

Translational Research : the Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine
|July 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary

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Soluble programmed death-1 (sPD-1) links inflammation to peritoneal fibrosis in dialysis patients. Blocking sPD-1 with fusion proteins or exosomes shows promise for treating peritoneal fibrosis.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Peritoneal fibrosis (PF) is a key cause of technique failure in long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD).
  • Chronic microinflammation and T-cell activation are implicated in PF pathogenesis.
  • The specific role of soluble programmed death-1 (sPD-1) in PF is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of sPD-1 in the development of peritoneal fibrosis.
  • To explore potential therapeutic strategies targeting sPD-1 for PF treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Serum sPD-1 levels were measured in PD patients.
  • A mouse model of PF was established using high-glucose dialysate and LPS.
  • The effects of sPD-1 blockade via PD-L1 fusion protein or sPD-1-adsorbing exosomes were evaluated.
Keywords:
endosomes,targeted therapymesothelial-mesenchymal transitionperitoneal dialysisperitoneal fibrosissPD-1

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Last Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Surgical Techniques for Catheter Placement and 5/6 Nephrectomy in Murine Models of Peritoneal Dialysis
07:11

Surgical Techniques for Catheter Placement and 5/6 Nephrectomy in Murine Models of Peritoneal Dialysis

Published on: July 19, 2018

A Retrograde Implantation Approach for Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement in Mice
06:27

A Retrograde Implantation Approach for Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement in Mice

Published on: July 20, 2022

Main Results:

  • Elevated serum sPD-1 levels correlated with dialysis duration and fibrosis markers in PD patients.
  • Exogenous sPD-1 worsened PF in mice, while blockade attenuated fibrosis and preserved peritoneal function.
  • sPD-1 binding to PD-L1 on mesothelial cells disrupted PD-L1 degradation, promoting pro-fibrotic signaling and mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (MMT).

Conclusions:

  • sPD-1 is a critical mediator connecting peritoneal microinflammation to fibrosis by altering PD-L1 endocytosis in mesothelial cells.
  • Targeting sPD-1 using engineered exosomes or PD-L1 fusion proteins offers a potential therapeutic approach for peritoneal fibrosis.