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DYNO-MILL-Assisted Mechanochemistry: Design of Experiments Optimization for Sustainable Synthesis of
Roopam Pandey1, Rémy Mariaux2, Subhankar Bera1
1Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence Deemed to be University, Dadri, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Abstract:
We report a sustainable DYNO-MILL-assisted mechanochemical synthesis of pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles via (3 + 2) cycloaddition between in situ generated nitrile imines and maleimides. Design of experiments (DoE) optimization identified key milling parameters, enabling efficient product formation in up to 78% yield under solvent-minimized, catalyst-free conditions. The method provides broad substrate scope, operational simplicity, and scalability. Comparative green metrics analysis highlights reduced waste generation and improved sustainability relative to conventional solution-phase approaches.
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