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Related Concept Videos

Rabies01:28

Rabies

Rabies is a lethal zoonotic disease caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus of the Lyssavirus genus, within the family Rhabdoviridae. Its primary mode of transmission to humans is through bites or saliva-contaminated scratches from infected mammals such as dogs, bats, raccoons, or foxes. Transmission can also occur if infectious saliva contacts abraded skin or intact mucous membranes, including the conjunctiva.Viral Entry and Early ReplicationOnce introduced at the bite or scratch...
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever01:26

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is a severe tick-borne illness caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a Gram-negative, coccobacillary bacterium. This pathogen is an obligate intracellular parasite, requiring a host cell for replication. Transmission occurs through the bite of an infected tick. In the United States, the most important vectors are Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) and Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick), though other tick species may also serve as vectors.
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
American Trypanosomiasis01:22

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Chagas disease, or American trypanosomiasis, is a vector-borne parasitic infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a flagellated protozoan (kinetoplastid) of the family Trypanosomatidae. The disease is endemic in Latin America, although cases are increasingly reported worldwide due to human migration. Transmission most commonly occurs when feces of infected triatomine bugs contaminate bite wounds or mucosal surfaces; additional routes include congenital, transfusional, transplant-related, and oral...
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Smallpox

Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
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Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Whole Genome Sequencing for Rapid Characterization of Rabies Virus Using Nanopore Technology
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Whole Genome Sequencing for Rapid Characterization of Rabies Virus Using Nanopore Technology

Published on: August 18, 2023

Equine Rabies in Southern Colombia, 2024-2025.

Ivan Camilo Sanchez-Rojas1, D Katterine Bonilla-Aldana2, Catherin Lorena Solarte-Jimenez3

  • 1Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Biodiversidad y Manejo de Ecosistemas (GEBIOME), Universidad de Caldas, Manizales 170004, Colombia.

Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI
|July 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Equine rabies in Putumayo, Colombia, is linked to sylvatic transmission, affecting unvaccinated horses with 100% fatality. Enhanced surveillance and vaccination are crucial for control.

Keywords:
Desmodus rotunduscolombiaequine rabiesone healthsylvatic rabiesveterinary surveillancezoonotic diseases

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Field Postmortem Rabies Rapid Immunochromatographic Diagnostic Test for Resource-Limited Settings with Further Molecular Applications

Published on: June 29, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Epidemiology
  • Zoonotic Diseases

Background:

  • Rabies is a fatal zoonotic disease with significant public health impact in Latin America.
  • Canine rabies has decreased in Colombia, but sylvatic transmission and equine rabies in Putumayo remain understudied.
  • Equine rabies poses a persistent threat in rural regions, necessitating detailed epidemiological investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize equine rabies cases in Putumayo, Colombia, focusing on epidemiology, clinical signs, pathology, and surveillance.
  • To provide the first detailed description of equine rabies in this specific region.
  • To identify gaps in current rabies prevention and control strategies for equids.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective descriptive study utilizing national surveillance data from 2024-2025.
  • Analysis of epidemiological, clinical, and gross pathological data from laboratory-confirmed and suspected equine rabies cases.
  • Diagnostic confirmation through direct immunofluorescence and histopathology.

Main Results:

  • Four laboratory-confirmed equine rabies cases were identified across four separate outbreaks.
  • All affected equines were unvaccinated and managed under extensive systems, with a 100% case fatality rate.
  • Median times for symptom notification and laboratory diagnosis highlighted potential surveillance delays.

Conclusions:

  • Equine rabies in Putumayo is consistent with sylvatic-origin transmission, emphasizing the need for improved vaccination coverage.
  • The study underscores critical gaps in preventive vaccination and surveillance for equine rabies.
  • Strengthening integrated surveillance and One Health approaches is vital to mitigate rabies risks.