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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Virtual Agent for Real-Time Motivational Interviewing by Integrating Adaptive Nonverbal Behavior and Language Models

Virtual Agent for Real-Time Motivational Interviewing by Integrating Adaptive Nonverbal Behavior and Language Models

Published on: December 23, 2025

Designing and Conducting Motivational Interviewing Research in Veterinary Clinical Settings: A Practical Guide for

M Carolyn Gates¹, Clare J Phythian¹, Eileen Britt²

¹AkoVet Limited, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand.

Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI

|July 15, 2026

Summary

Motivational interviewing (MI) offers a way to improve animal welfare by encouraging behavior change in pet owners. This paper provides a framework for designing better research on MI in veterinary settings.

Keywords:

behaviour change clinical settings fidelity implementation motivational interviewing outcome measurement research methodology study design veterinary medicine

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Medicine
Behavioral Science
Research Methodology

Background:

Motivational interviewing (MI) is an evidence-based client engagement strategy.
Its application in veterinary medicine is growing but lacks a robust evidence base.
Current veterinary MI research faces challenges in study design, fidelity measurement, and outcome assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide practical methodological guidance for designing MI studies in veterinary clinical settings.
To address the need for an integrated framework for veterinary MI research.
To support the development of more rigorous and reproducible MI studies in veterinary practice.

Main Methods:

A novel conceptual model of the MI implementation pathway is presented.
The model organizes key research questions relevant to veterinary contexts.
Guidance is provided on study design, fidelity and outcome measurement, sample size estimation, and ethical considerations.

Main Results:

The paper offers a structured approach to designing MI research in veterinary settings.
It highlights the importance of a conceptual model for guiding research questions.
It details practical considerations for conducting and reporting MI studies.

Conclusions:

This guidance aims to improve the quality and impact of MI research in veterinary medicine.
Implementing this framework will strengthen the evidence base for MI in animal care.
Standardized reporting and robust methodologies are crucial for advancing MI in veterinary practice.