Assessment of Nurses' Knowledge Regarding Pressure Injury: A National Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study

Background/Objectives: Improving the prevention and management of pressure injuries requires adequate nursing knowledge. In this context, understanding the current knowledge levels of nurses is important for informing educational and organizational strategies. This study aimed to assess the pressure injury knowledge of nurses at the national level and examine differences according to their educational, professional, and informational characteristics. Methods: A national cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted in public secondary-level hospitals in the Republic of Croatia. A total of 1139 participants from 19 hospitals across all four geographical regions of Croatia participated. The PZ-PUNKT instrument was used, and an analysis was conducted using descriptive and bivariate inferential statistics. Results: Participants with bachelor's and master's degrees achieved higher PZ-PUKT scores than those with secondary education (p = 0.026 to < 0.001), although the effect sizes were very small (ε² = 0.008-0.017). Significant differences were observed across clinical departments (p < 0.001; ε² = 0.03-0.04), whereas no statistically significant differences were found according to the frequency of working with patients with pressure injuries (p > 0.05). Participants who reported recently attending educational activities, consulting the professional literature, or searching for information achieved higher knowledge scores across all domains (p < 0.001); however, the effect sizes remained small (ε² = 0.034-0.060; rpb = 0.133-0.214). Conclusions: Although the observed effect sizes were generally small, higher knowledge scores were observed among nurses who reported recent engagement with educational activities, the professional literature, and information-seeking behaviors. No significant differences were identified according to the frequency of working with patients with pressure injuries. These findings provide a national overview of pressure injury knowledge among Croatian nurses and may inform future educational initiatives and research.