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'Boden Food Plate': Novel Interactive Web-based Method for the Assessment of Dietary Intake
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Published on: September 18, 2018

Within-Person Variation in Ultra-Processed Food Consumption Is Associated with Total Daily Energy Intake.

Maria Fernanda Gombi Vaca1,2,3, Euridice Martinez-Steele3,4, Giovanna Calixto Andrade2,3

  • 1Rudd Center for Food Policy and Health, University of Connecticut, One Constitution Plaza, Suite 600, Hartford, CT 06103, USA.

Nutrients
|July 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Consuming ultra-processed foods (UPFs) increases daily energy intake. Higher UPF consumption on any given day is linked to greater total energy intake, impacting weight management strategies.

Keywords:
ad libitum food intakedietary surveyenergy compensationenergy intakeultra-processed foodwithin-person

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Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Public Health
  • Dietary Assessment

Background:

  • Understanding the link between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and daily energy intake is crucial for public health.
  • Gaps exist in knowledge regarding how within-person UPF intake variation affects total energy consumption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between within-person variation in ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and total daily energy intake.
  • To determine if UPF consumption on a given day influences same-day energy intake.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of nationwide dietary data from 38,854 Brazilian participants (2017-2018).
  • Utilized cross-sectional, repeated-measures data to assess within-person energy intake differences across two consumption days.
  • Employed mixed models to examine the relationship between UPF presence/energy share and total daily energy intake.

Main Results:

  • Individuals consuming UPFs on one day had higher energy intake (1699 kcal) compared to days without UPFs (1530 kcal).
  • A 10% increase in UPF energy share correlated with an additional 39 kcal of daily energy intake.
  • Effect modification observed by sex and age group; findings suggest UPF partially replaces non-UPFs rather than increasing food quantity.

Conclusions:

  • UPF consumption on a given day is associated with increased total daily energy intake.
  • Higher within-person UPF energy share consistently relates to greater total energy intake.
  • Findings can inform public health initiatives to curb excessive energy consumption through dietary changes.