Dual Activation of GLP-1 and AMPK Pathways by a Multi-Botanical Formulation Improves Obesity and Metabolic...

Area of Science:

• Metabolic Health and Endocrinology
• Nutraceutical Research
• Obesity Pathophysiology

Background:

• Obesity is a complex metabolic disorder linked to inflammation and disrupted energy regulation pathways.
• Key pathways involved include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate phytochemicals and botanical formulations for their ability to stimulate GLP-1 secretion.
• To evaluate the potential of these compounds to activate AMPK signaling pathways.

Main Methods:

• Screening of 14 phytochemicals and 6 combinations in human enteroendocrine cells for GLP-1 secretion and cytotoxicity.
• Testing selected combinations in human adipocytes to assess effects on lipid accumulation and MCP-1 secretion.
• In vivo studies using high-fat diet-induced obese mice to evaluate the efficacy of a promising botanical combination (Combination 4).

Main Results:

• Combination 4, featuring ginseng, curcumin, white kidney bean, fenugreek, capsaicin, and bitter melon, significantly increased AMPK phosphorylation in vitro.
• In obese mice, Combination 4 reduced body weight gain, white adipose tissue mass, and improved metabolic parameters.
• The formulation increased GLP-1 levels and normalized GLP-1 receptor expression in adipose tissue, while restoring leptin and MCP-1 levels.

Conclusions:

• The multi-component botanical formulation effectively modulates GLP-1 secretion, AMPK phosphorylation, lipid accumulation, and inflammation markers.
• Preclinical data support this formulation as a non-toxic candidate for further investigation in metabolic management.
• These findings provide a scientific basis for exploring botanical interventions in obesity and related metabolic disorders.