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Related Concept Videos

Pipe Flowrate Measurement01:28

Pipe Flowrate Measurement

In pipe flow measurement, orifice, nozzle, and Venturi meters are commonly used to determine fluid flowrates by constricting the flow area, which increases fluid velocity and reduces pressure. This pressure difference, governed by Bernoulli's principle and adjusted for real-world conditions, is essential for calculating flowrate. Each meter type is suited to specific applications based on accuracy, efficiency, and compatibility with various flow conditions.
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Updated: Jul 16, 2026

High-precision Electromagnetic Flowmeter with Empty Pipe Detection via Complex Programmable Logic Device-based Waveform Recognition
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A Smart, Cost-Effective Programmable Gas Flowmeter Retrofitted from a Glass Rotameter.

Xingcai Qin1, Qi Cao1, Zhiyuan Yuan1

  • 1Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a low-cost programmable gas flowmeter using a webcam and rotameter. This automated device offers remote control and reading, enhancing gas sensor development and fluid automation.

Keywords:
MATLAB–Arduino communicationcomputer visionglass rotameterprogrammable flowmeterstepper motor-actuated valve

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Area of Science:

  • Instrumentation and Measurement
  • Automation and Control Systems
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Programmable gas flowmeters are essential for automation and AI but are often expensive.
  • Commercially available systems hinder widespread adoption due to high costs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a cost-effective, programmable gas flowmeter.
  • To enable remote reading and control for automation in fluid systems.

Main Methods:

  • A compact device based on a low-cost glass rotameter was engineered.
  • A reading unit (webcam + rotameter) and control unit (development board + stepper motor-actuated valve) were integrated.
  • An open-loop, pre-calibrated step-to-flow matrix and terminal interfaces (USB/embedded) were utilized.

Main Results:

  • The system achieved reliable rotor identification and flow rate derivation via normalized rotor position mapping.
  • Demonstrated strong programmability, fast response time (0.2 s), and high accuracy (mean error < 3%).
  • Exhibited stable readings with minimal fluctuation (< 0.5%).

Conclusions:

  • The developed flowmeter offers a cost-effective solution for programmable gas flow measurement.
  • It is suitable for gas sensor development and accelerating automation in fluid-related fields.
  • The prototype maintains manual control and direct eye-reading capabilities.