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Related Concept Videos

IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

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A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Writing Bragg Gratings in Multicore Fibers
08:48

Writing Bragg Gratings in Multicore Fibers

Published on: April 20, 2016

Fiber Bragg Grating Dynamic Sensing Through a Dispersive Spectrometer.

Yohan Barbarin1, Alexandre Lefrançois1, Victor Colas1

  • 1CEA, DAM, GRAMAT, BP 80200, 46500 Gramat, France.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) enable precise measurement of shock and detonation velocities and pressures in energetic materials. A novel dynamic spectrometer with high sampling rates allows detailed observation of complex shock physics phenomena.

Keywords:
deflagrationdetonationenergetic materialfiber Bragg gratingpressurestrain

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Area of Science:

  • Shock physics
  • Energetic materials science
  • Optical sensing technologies

Background:

  • Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) are utilized for measuring shock velocity, detonation velocity, and pressure in shock physics and energetic materials.
  • FBGs offer advantages over electrical sensors, including small size, light weight, electromagnetic immunity, and fast response times.
  • Accurate interrogation of multiple FBGs requires high-resolution spectrometers with high sampling rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel dynamic spectrometer for interrogating Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) at high sampling rates.
  • To detail the wavelength-to-time conversion technique using dispersion for time-multiplexing.
  • To demonstrate the application of this system in various shock physics experiments.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a high-resolution dynamic spectrometer with a 100 MHz sampling rate.
  • Implementation of time-multiplexing via wavelength-to-time conversion using dispersion.
  • Experimental validation using FBGs in epoxy, porous and dense energetic materials, and sapphire fibers.

Main Results:

  • Successful measurement of shock velocity in epoxy.
  • Observation of deflagration-to-detonation and Shock-to-Detonation Transitions in energetic materials.
  • Demonstration of multi-point strain measurements (up to eight FBGs) and pressure sensing using sapphire fiber FBGs.

Conclusions:

  • The developed dynamic spectrometer provides a comprehensive view of spectral evolution at 100 MHz, enabling observation of complex shock phenomena.
  • The system effectively measures dynamic parameters like velocity, pressure, and strain in energetic materials.
  • The study discusses the advantages and limitations of FBG-based measurements in various shock physics applications.