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Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

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In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Hyperspectral Imaging as a Tool to Study Optical Anisotropy in Lanthanide-Based Molecular Single Crystals
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Published on: April 14, 2020

Real-Time Structural Illumination with Hyperspectral Images: A Tunable Projection-Capture Synchronizer for

Pallab Sutradhar1, Alberto Martín-Pérez1, Fahima Chowdhury2

  • 1Centro de Electrónica Industrial y Sistemas Multimodales (CEIMM), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28031 Madrid, Spain.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces HyperSI, a portable system for real-time three-step phase shifting (TPS) structured illumination (SI). HyperSI significantly improves pattern generation throughput and reduces acquisition time for faster, more efficient imaging.

Keywords:
FPGASFDISoCdemodulationhyperspectral imagingreal timestructured illuminationsynchronizationthree-phased demodulationthree-step phase shift

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Last Updated: Jul 16, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Computer Vision
  • Embedded Systems Engineering

Background:

  • Structured Illumination (SI) is crucial for recovering information like phase and shape.
  • Three-Step Phase Shifting (TPS) is a common SI workflow but faces limitations in real-time applications.
  • Existing systems suffer from low throughput, synchronization issues, and bulky implementations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate, design, and validate a deterministic, low-latency, and portable projection-capture synchronization system for TPS-based SI.
  • To overcome the limitations of current state-of-the-art (SOTA) SI systems.
  • To enable faster and more efficient real-time SI acquisition.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluated a Hyperspectral (HS) Python-based SI (HSPy-SI) system using a snapshot camera and fixed-delay synchronizer.
  • Developed and prototyped the HyperSI system on heterogeneous embedded platforms (SBC and SoC).
  • Introduced a tunable 'Frame Count to Wait' (W) parameter to optimize synchronization.

Main Results:

  • HyperSI achieved over 8× higher pattern-generation throughput compared to SOTA.
  • Polarized acquisition speed increased 7× (to nearly 4 FPS), and unpolarized acquisition reached ~12 FPS.
  • The system demonstrated an 88× reduction in waiting time, significantly improving efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed HyperSI system offers a deterministic, low-latency, and portable solution for TPS-based SI.
  • HyperSI overcomes major limitations of real-time SI, enabling higher throughput and faster acquisition.
  • This advancement facilitates more practical and widespread application of real-time SI techniques.