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Related Concept Videos

Polar Coordinate System01:30

Polar Coordinate System

The polar coordinate system provides a natural way to describe points in the plane when distances and directions are more meaningful than horizontal and vertical displacements. It is especially useful for modeling non-rectangular regions such as circles and spirals, where symmetry about a center point is easier to express than it is in a rectangular grid. A familiar example is a ship’s plan position indicator, which marks detected targets as dots positioned relative to the ship at the display’s...
Polar Coordinates01:24

Polar Coordinates

The polar coordinate system offers an alternative to the Cartesian coordinate system for specifying points in a plane, using a distance and an angle instead of x and y coordinates. This system is particularly advantageous in situations involving circular or rotational symmetry, such as in physics or engineering problems involving waves, oscillations, or orbital paths.Defining Polar CoordinatesIn polar coordinates, a point is represented as P(r, ��), where r is the radial distance from a fixed...
Polar Coordinates: Problem Solving01:27

Polar Coordinates: Problem Solving

Directional radiation patterns are central to antenna analysis, as they illustrate how signal strength varies with direction. These patterns are often modeled using polar plots, where the radial distance from the origin represents signal intensity at a given angle. A commonly used idealized form is the four-lobed rose curve, which captures the concept of directional beams in a simplified mathematical form.The four-lobed rose curve, described by r = cos⁡(2θ), features four symmetric lobes, each...
Group Polarization01:01

Group Polarization

Group polarization is the strengthening of an original group attitude following the discussion of views within a group (Teger & Pruitt, 1967). That is, if a group initially favors a viewpoint, after discussion the group consensus is likely a stronger endorsement of the viewpoint. Conversely, if the group was initially opposed to a viewpoint, group discussion would likely lead to stronger opposition.
Integration Applied to Polar Coordinates to Find Arc Lengths01:26

Integration Applied to Polar Coordinates to Find Arc Lengths

In polar coordinates, a plane curve is described by a radial distance r from a fixed point, called the pole, and an angle θ measured from a reference direction. This system is especially useful for paths that naturally involve rotation, such as an expanding spiral followed by a search drone. If the hiker’s last known position is treated as the pole, then the drone’s location at any instant can be represented by the polar equation r = f(θ), where the distance from the pole changes as the drone...

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RETRACTED: Ndaguba et al. Operability of Smart Spaces in Urban Environments: A Systematic Review on Enhancing Functionality and User Experience. <i>Sensors</i> 2023, <i>23</i>, 6938.

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Updated: Jul 16, 2026

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
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Published on: September 5, 2019

Dual Circular Polarized Drone-Borne SAR for Polarimetric Target Classification: System Development and Experimental

Dimas Biwas Putra1, Yuta Izumi1, Fathin Nurzaman1

  • 1Graduate School of Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran 050-8585, Japan.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A new K-band drone-borne dual circular polarimetric (DCP) SAR system offers rapid terrain classification for post-disaster assessment. This system enables on-demand analysis, overcoming limitations of satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) revisit times.

Keywords:
H/α decompositionPGATDBPdrone-borne SARdual circularly polarized mode (DCP)motion compensationpolarimetric calibrationpost-disaster assessment

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Area of Science:

  • Remote Sensing
  • Geoscience
  • Radar Technology

Background:

  • Post-disaster scenarios like tsunamis necessitate immediate terrain assessment.
  • Satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) revisit times are often too long for rapid response.
  • A deployable system for on-demand terrain classification is currently lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present an off-the-shelf K-band drone-borne dual circular polarimetric (DCP) SAR system.
  • To develop a processing pipeline for on-demand terrain classification using DCP SAR.
  • To demonstrate the utility of DCP SAR for rapid post-disaster terrain assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a K-band drone-borne dual circular polarimetric (DCP) SAR system.
  • Implemented RTK Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) guided time-domain backprojection (TDBP) with phase gradient autofocus (PGA) for motion compensation.
  • Applied single-target wire calibration to correct inter-channel complex gain differences and performed H/α decomposition.

Main Results:

  • Achieved an 11.98 dB improvement in peak amplitude using TDBP with PGA.
  • Corrected an 8.91 dB inter-channel complex gain difference via calibration.
  • Successfully classified canonical reflectors, artificial structures, gravel roads, vegetation, and a pond surface using H/α decomposition of calibrated DCP data.

Conclusions:

  • The developed drone-borne DCP SAR system provides a practical solution for rapid terrain assessment.
  • Compact polarimetric H/α decomposition is effective for terrain discrimination with drone-borne SAR data.
  • This technology establishes a pathway for timely post-disaster response and analysis.