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Related Concept Videos

Design Example: Joints in Concrete Pavements01:28

Design Example: Joints in Concrete Pavements

Concrete pavement joints are essential for maintaining the structural integrity and longevity of pavement by controlling where and how the pavement cracks. These joints can be categorized based on their functions, such as contraction or control joints, construction joints, isolation joints, and expansion joints.
Contraction joints are typically formed by sawing a groove into the concrete shortly after it has hardened. This creates a weakened vertical plane, deliberately encouraging cracking at...
Frost Resistant Concrete01:29

Frost Resistant Concrete

Concrete's susceptibility to frost damage during freeze-thaw cycles demands strategic measures to enhance its frost resistance. Employing techniques like air entrainment, adjusting the water-cement ratio, proper curing, and selecting appropriate aggregates are essential.
Introducing microscopic air bubbles into the concrete mix through air entrainment creates small voids that accommodate ice expansion, thereby reducing internal pressures and preventing cracking. The optimal amount of entrained...
Microcracking in Concrete01:20

Microcracking in Concrete

Microcracking in concrete refers to the tiny cracks that can form within the material even before any external load is applied. These microcracks typically occur at the interface between the coarse aggregate and the hydrated cement paste, often as a result of differential volume changes prompted by variations in stress-strain behavior, as well as thermal and moisture movement. Initially, these microcracks remain stable and do not grow substantially until the concrete is stressed to about 30...
Frost Action on Concrete01:27

Frost Action on Concrete

Concrete structures in cold climates, such as those along roadsides, can retain moisture. This moisture makes them susceptible to frost-related damage when temperatures fall below freezing. Adding moisture worsens the damage during temperature fluctuations, leading to repeated freezing and thawing. De-icing salts, spread over these structures to melt ice, add to the freeze-thaw cycle, and draw even more moisture into the concrete.
This freeze-thaw cycle primarily causes surface scaling, where...
Accelerators01:17

Accelerators

Accelerators in concrete serve as admixtures to speed up the hardening process, enabling the concrete to achieve early strength faster. Although accelerators do not necessarily impact the time it takes concrete to set, they reduce this time in practice. A common accelerator is calcium chloride, which is particularly useful for hastening early strength development in cold weather or for rapid repair jobs that require quick heat generation after mixing.
The effectiveness of calcium chloride can...
Accelerated Curing of Concrete01:25

Accelerated Curing of Concrete

Accelerating concrete curing is achieved by applying heat and additional moisture. This process accelerates the hydration of the cement, resulting in an earlier strength gain in the concrete. Steam curing is a method wherein the concrete products are either transported through a chamber on a conveyor belt or encased in plastic, allowing steam at atmospheric pressure to circulate freely around them. This process begins with a phase of moist curing that typically lasts between 3 to 5 hours, after...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Advanced Self-Healing Asphalt Reinforced by Graphene Structures: An Atomistic Insight
08:03

Advanced Self-Healing Asphalt Reinforced by Graphene Structures: An Atomistic Insight

Published on: May 31, 2022

Polyurethane-Modified Epoxy Crack Sealant for Climate-Specific Asphalt Pavement Repair.

Xinmei Zhang1, Biao Ma1, Yan Shi1

  • 1Key Laboratory for Special Area Highway Engineering of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China.

Polymers
|July 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Polyurethane-modified epoxy crack sealants offer durable asphalt repair in winter. Specific formulations are recommended for mild, cold, and severe low-temperature conditions, ensuring pavement integrity.

Keywords:
aging resistanceasphalt pavement repairclimate-specific selectioncrack sealantinterfacial adhesionpolyurethane-modified epoxy

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Determination of the Friction Coefficients of Icy Pavements Under Different Amounts of Snowfall

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12:21

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Published on: January 6, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Civil Engineering
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Asphalt pavement crack repair requires sealants with both strength and flexibility.
  • Winter pavement temperatures necessitate specialized sealant evaluations for performance.
  • Polyurethane-modified epoxy crack sealants (EUPC) aim to balance epoxy strength with flexibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the performance of six ambient-curing EUPC formulations under various winter pavement temperatures.
  • To evaluate EUPC properties including workability, low-temperature transition, dimensional stability, aging resistance, and adhesion.
  • To compare EUPC performance against SBS-modified asphalt as a reference.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation and characterization of six ambient-curing EUPC formulations.
  • Evaluation of EUPC properties against requirements for construction window, glass transition temperature (Tg), thermal stability (T5%), and curing shrinkage.
  • Assessment of sealant performance after coupled aging (moisture-oxygen-ultraviolet).
  • Comparative analysis of adhesion (direct tensile, oblique shear) and flexural-tensile recovery with SBS-modified asphalt.

Main Results:

  • All EUPC formulations met the 30-minute construction window, had Tg below 0 °C, T5% above 300 °C, and shrinkage below 3.0%.
  • Post-aging, EUPC formulations retained significant tensile strength and elongation; EUPC-3/EUPC-4 showed balanced strength-ductility.
  • EUPC formulations demonstrated superior direct tensile adhesion, oblique shear adhesion, and flexural-tensile repair recovery compared to SBS-modified asphalt.

Conclusions:

  • EUPC formulations provide effective asphalt crack repair across a range of winter temperatures.
  • EUPC-1/EUPC-2, EUPC-3/EUPC-4, and EUPC-5/EUPC-6 are recommended for mild, cold, and severe low-temperature winter conditions, respectively.
  • These modified epoxy sealants offer enhanced performance over traditional SBS-modified asphalt for winter pavement repair.