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Related Concept Videos

Plasticizers01:31

Plasticizers

Water-reducers, or plasticizers, are chemical admixtures used in concrete to improve strength and workability. These additives reduce the water-cement ratio without compromising workability, lower the cement content while maintaining the same workability, or increase workability to assist concrete placement in inaccessible areas.
Plasticizers function by using surface-active agents to create repulsive electrostatic forces between cement particles. This dispersion enhances the concrete's...
Superplasticizers01:30

Superplasticizers

Superplasticizers are advanced admixtures that enhance the workability of concrete by lowering the water content without compromising the strength of the material. These substances are highly effective water reducers, improving concrete flow, making it easier to work with, and enabling concrete to reach inaccessible areas or densely reinforced sections without mechanical vibration. The key components in superplasticizers are either sulfonated melamine or naphthalene formaldehyde condensates,...
Bioplastics01:27

Bioplastics

Bioplastics derived from microbial processes present a sustainable alternative to conventional petroleum-based plastics. Among these, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), particularly polyhydroxybutyrates (PHBs), have emerged as prominent candidates due to their biodegradability and biocompatibility. These polymers are synthesized by a variety of bacteria, such as Cupriavidus necator and Pseudomonas putida, which naturally accumulate PHAs as intracellular carbon and energy reserves, especially under...
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or basic...
Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Film Extrusion of Crambe abyssinica/Wheat Gluten Blends
06:51

Film Extrusion of Crambe abyssinica/Wheat Gluten Blends

Published on: January 17, 2017

Cold-Resistance Plasticizers Derived from Bio-Based Trans-Aconitic Acid with High Performance on Solvent Extraction

Yirui Shen1,2,3, Xiaomei Wang2, Yangyang Xiong2

  • 1The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.

Polymers
|July 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

New bio-based plasticizers from trans-aconitic acid offer improved thermal stability and migration resistance for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) applications. These eco-friendly alternatives outperform traditional plasticizers in demanding conditions.

Keywords:
bio-based plasticizercold resistancemigration resistancepoly(vinyl chloride)trans-aconitic acidvolatility resistance

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Last Updated: Jul 16, 2026

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Published on: January 17, 2017

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Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Chemistry
  • Sustainable Chemistry

Background:

  • Conventional cold-resistance plasticizers like dioctyl adipate (DOA) and dioctyl sebacate (DOS) exhibit poor thermal stability and migration resistance due to low molecular weight and weak polarity.
  • Phthalate plasticizers, such as di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), are widely used but face increasing regulatory scrutiny and environmental concerns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and evaluate novel bio-based plasticizers derived from trans-aconitic acid for enhanced performance in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC).
  • To investigate the thermal stability, cold-resistance, and migration resistance of these new plasticizers compared to commercial benchmarks.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of tri-n-butyl trans-aconitate (TBTA), tri-n-hexyl trans-aconitate (THTA), and tri-n-octyl trans-aconitate (TOTA) via one-step esterification.
  • Incorporation of synthesized plasticizers into PVC formulations.
  • Evaluation of thermal stability, glass transition temperature (Tg) after freezing, volatility, and solvent extraction resistance.

Main Results:

  • The synthesized plasticizers (TBTA, THTA, TOTA) exhibited superior thermal stability and cold-resistance compared to DEHP, tributyl citrate (TBC), and DOA.
  • PVC formulations with TBTA and THTA showed lower glass transition temperatures (Tg) after freezing (18.99 °C and 20.88 °C, respectively) than DEHP/PVC (22.74 °C).
  • TBTA/PVC, THTA/PVC, and TOTA/PVC demonstrated significantly reduced mass loss from volatility and improved resistance to solvent extraction in ethanol and petroleum ether compared to DOA/PVC.

Conclusions:

  • Bio-based plasticizers derived from trans-aconitic acid offer a promising alternative to conventional plasticizers, addressing limitations in thermal stability and migration resistance.
  • The branched architecture of these novel plasticizers enhances interactions with PVC, leading to improved performance characteristics.
  • These findings support the development of sustainable and high-performance plasticizers for various polymer applications.