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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Visualization of Intensity Levels to Reduce the Gap Between Self-Reported and Directly Measured Physical Activity

Visualization of Intensity Levels to Reduce the Gap Between Self-Reported and Directly Measured Physical Activity

Published on: March 7, 2019

Behavioral Procrastination and Heart Age Acceleration in a Large Occupational Cohort.

Manuel Sarmiento Cruz¹, Pedro Juan Tárraga López², Mónica Silu Piña Dabreu³

¹Primary Care, Balearic Islands Health Service, 07010 Palma, Spain.

Journal of Clinical Medicine

|July 15, 2026

Summary

Behavioral procrastination is linked to accelerated cardiovascular aging, with higher procrastination levels correlating to increased heart age acceleration. This association was notably stronger in women, suggesting procrastination impacts heart health beyond traditional risk factors.

Keywords:

cardiovascular diseases life style occupational health procrastination risk factors vascular aging

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Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task

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Published on: January 9, 2016

Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Health
Behavioral Psychology
Occupational Health

Background:

Behavioral procrastination is a maladaptive self-regulatory pattern linked to unhealthy behaviors, stress, and poor cardiometabolic health.
The relationship between behavioral procrastination and accelerated cardiovascular aging is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the association between behavioral procrastination and heart age acceleration in a large cohort of Spanish workers.
To investigate how procrastination severity relates to cardiovascular aging phenotypes.

Main Methods:

A multicenter cross-sectional study involving 92,184 actively employed Spanish workers.
Behavioral procrastination assessed using the Pure Procrastination Scale-9 (PPS-9).
Heart age acceleration calculated using a cardiovascular risk-factor-based algorithm; multivariable regression analyses performed.

Main Results:

Higher procrastination levels were associated with significantly worse cardiovascular aging profiles and increased heart age acceleration.
Mean heart age acceleration increased from -3.1 years in low procrastinators to 14.0 years in high procrastinators (p < 0.001).
Each 5-point increase in PPS-9 score correlated with a 0.50-year increase in heart age acceleration (p < 0.001); associations were stronger in women.

Conclusions:

Behavioral procrastination is associated with higher estimated heart age acceleration and less favorable cardiovascular aging.
Procrastination severity consistently relates to greater heart age acceleration and cardiovascular aging phenotypes, independent of traditional risk factors.
The cross-sectional design precludes causal conclusions.