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Quantitative Assessment of Cortical Auditory-tactile Processing in Children with Disabilities
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Phonological Processing Skills in Arabic-Speaking Children Who Stutter.

Omayma Afsah1, Hazem Alawadli2

  • 1Phoniatrics Unit, ORL Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.

International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders
|July 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Egyptian children who stutter (CWS) show weaker phonological processing skills compared to typically developing children. These deficits in phonological encoding may contribute to stuttering, highlighting the need for comprehensive assessments.

Keywords:
Rapid namingphonological awarenessphonological memoryphonological processingstuttering

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Area of Science:

  • Speech and Language Pathology
  • Child Development
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Phonological encoding in children who stutter (CWS) has been inconsistently studied across languages.
  • Research on Arabic-speaking CWS is limited, focusing on isolated tasks.
  • Previous studies yielded equivocal results regarding phonological processing in CWS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare phonological processing skills in Egyptian Arabic-speaking CWS and children who do not stutter (CWNS).
  • To broadly assess phonological encoding abilities in young children.
  • To investigate the link between phonological processing deficits and stuttering severity.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 92 monolingual Arabic-speaking Egyptian children (ages 4.5-6.5 years).
  • Included 50 typically developing children and 42 children diagnosed with stuttering.
  • Phonological processing evaluated using tests of phonological awareness, memory, and retrieval.

Main Results:

  • Arabic-speaking CWS performed significantly worse on all phonological processing skills than CWNS.
  • No significant association was found between phonological processing deficits and stuttering severity.
  • Females who stutter demonstrated better phonological processing skills than males who stutter.

Conclusions:

  • Phonological encoding deficits may play a role in the development of stuttering.
  • Sex differences in phonological processing exist in children who stutter.
  • Integrating phonological processing assessments into the evaluation of CWS is clinically recommended.