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Advanced Spray-Dried Cyanidin Chloride Inhalable Dry Powders with High Aerosol Dispersion Performance and
Hasham Shafi1, Priya Muralidharan2, David Encinas-Basurto2,3,4
1Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, Florida 34987, United States.
ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science
|July 15, 2026
Summary
This study engineered inhalable cyanidin chloride powders for asthma treatment using spray drying. The powders showed excellent aerosol performance and biocompatibility, offering potential for targeted lung therapy.
Area of Science:
- Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Biotechnology
- Materials Science
Background:
- Cyanidin chloride, a natural flavonoid, possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
- Targeted pulmonary delivery of natural compounds can enhance therapeutic efficacy for respiratory diseases.
- Developing inhalable powders requires careful particle engineering for optimal aerosolization and lung deposition.
Purpose of the Study:
- To engineer inhalable cyanidin chloride powders using a closed-mode spray drying technique for targeted pulmonary delivery.
- To comprehensively characterize the physicochemical and aerosolization properties of the engineered powders.
- To evaluate the in vitro biocompatibility and cellular effects of cyanidin chloride powders in human respiratory cell lines.
Main Methods:
- Co-spray drying of cyanidin chloride with trehalose dihydrate using different pump rates.
- Physicochemical characterization including particle size analysis (SEM, aerodynamic diameter).
- In vitro aerosol dispersion testing using Next-Generation Impactor and FDA-approved dry powder inhaler devices.
- In vitro biocompatibility assays (MTT assay) and cell membrane property assessments (TEER).
- Mitochondrial bioenergetics analysis (ROS generation).
Main Results:
- Formation of inhalable microparticles with optimal aerodynamic diameter (1.1-1.4 μm).
- High fine particle fraction (>50%) and excellent dispersion efficiency (~88%) with the Neohaler device.
- Excellent biocompatibility in most respiratory cell lines up to 100 μM, with transient and reversible effects on epithelial permeability.
- Significant attenuation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by cyanidin chloride.
Conclusions:
- Advanced co-spray-dried cyanidin chloride powders exhibit favorable aerosolization characteristics for dry powder inhalers.
- The formulation demonstrates good safety, biocompatibility, and therapeutic potential for lung-targeted delivery.
- Inhalable cyanidin chloride offers a promising strategy for mitigating airway inflammation and oxidative damage in asthma and other respiratory conditions.
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