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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is characterized by retrograde blood circulation from the left ventricle into the left atrium due to inadequate mitral valve closure. The severity of the condition, symptoms, and underlying cause determine treatment strategies.Monitoring and Pharmacological TreatmentPatients with mild to moderate MR typically do not need immediate intervention but regular monitoring to assess progression and guide treatment. Patients with mild MR should have an echocardiogram every 3-5...
Mitral Regurgitation IV: Nursing Management01:28

Mitral Regurgitation IV: Nursing Management

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a condition where the mitral valve does not close properly, leading to the backward flow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium during systole. This condition can arise from various causes, including rheumatic fever, infective endocarditis, or degenerative valve disease. Effective nursing management is crucial to optimizing patient outcomes and involves comprehensive assessment and targeted interventions.Comprehensive Patient AssessmentA detailed...
Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management

Aortic regurgitation (AR) is when the aortic valve does not close or seal properly, leading to backward blood circulation from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole. Common causes of AR include rheumatic heart disease, congenital valve defects, and aortic root dilation. Managing AR requires a multifaceted approach to alleviate symptoms, preserve left ventricular function, and address the underlying cause of the regurgitation. Patients with symptomatic AR or significant left...
Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care01:29

Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care

Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...

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Chronic Ovine Model of Right Ventricular Failure and Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation
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Published on: March 17, 2023

Rethinking Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation in Heart Failure - A Pathophysiology-based Holistic Approach for

Karl-Patrik Kresoja1, Lukas Stolz2,3, Antonio Cannata4,5

  • 1Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.

European Journal of Heart Failure
|July 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) often links with heart failure (HF) and other conditions. A holistic approach, considering TR

Keywords:
Tricuspid regurgitationheart failurepersonalized medicinetranscatheter tricuspid valve repairtranscatheter tricuspid valve replacement

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is rarely isolated, often secondary to heart failure (HF) or atrial fibrillation.
  • Extracardiac comorbidities are prevalent in patients with TR.
  • Current TR assessment focuses on morphology and symptoms, potentially overlooking comorbid influences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore a pathophysiology-driven, holistic approach for interpreting TR functional changes and symptoms.
  • To emphasize the bidirectional relationship between TR and HF, and other organ systems.
  • To guide therapeutic strategies by differentiating primary TR from TR secondary to HF.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current understanding of TR pathophysiology and its interaction with comorbidities.
  • Emphasis on optimizing treatment of interfering conditions before assessing TR severity.
  • Consideration of invasive hemodynamic assessment, portal vein Doppler, and liver stiffness measurements.

Main Results:

  • TR assessment should ideally occur after optimizing comorbidities and volume status.
  • Understanding the interplay between TR, HF, and other organ systems is crucial for prognosis.
  • A framework is proposed to identify patients most likely to benefit from TR interventions.

Conclusions:

  • A holistic, pathophysiology-driven approach improves interpretation of TR and associated symptoms.
  • Differentiating primary TR from HF-driven TR is key for setting therapeutic expectations.
  • This approach aids in selecting patients for TR interventions within a complex clinical context.