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Integrating bottom-up and top-down Competency modeling: Mapping the U.S. Air Force Foundational Competencies across

Laura G Barron¹, Vincent C Villanueva¹, Jamal S Qaiyyim¹

¹Air Education and Training Command, U.S. Air Force, Randolph AFB, Texas.

Military Psychology : the Official Journal of the Division of Military Psychology, American Psychological Association

|July 15, 2026

Summary

The U.S. Air Force

Keywords:

Competencies Foundational Competencies Occupational Analysis competency modeling soft skills

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

Military Education
Organizational Psychology
Competency Management

Background:

The U.S. Air Force's Air Education & Training Command initiated a transition to competency-based learning in 2018.
Two parallel initiatives were launched: top-down Foundational Competencies and bottom-up Occupational Competency models.

Purpose of the Study:

To merge Foundational and Occupational Competencies through a mapping process.
To identify widely applicable Foundational Competencies across Air Force occupations.
To refine the existing Foundational Competency framework.

Main Methods:

A focus group and survey process involving career field members.
Mapping individual Occupational Competencies to a common dictionary of Foundational Competencies.
Survey data collected from 18,822 respondents across 110 Air Force occupations.

Main Results:

Communication, Accountability, Analytical Thinking, and Decision Making were consistently top supporting competencies.
Organizational Awareness, Relationship Building, and Strategic Thinking were rated higher for officers than enlisted personnel.
Widespread applicability of many Foundational Competencies was confirmed, with suggestions for refinement.

Conclusions:

The study validated the broad applicability of several Foundational Competencies.
Results indicate potential areas for refining the Foundational Competency framework.
The competency-based approach supports Air Force member development across diverse roles.