SSP Position Paper: The Influence of Nutrition on Active and Supportive Periodontal Therapy

Periodontitis is currently understood as a multifactorial, biofilm-associated, and immunoinflammatory disease. Modern dietary patterns, often characterized by a high intake of free sugars and ultra-processed foods, deviate from evolutionary adaptations and are frequently associated with systemic inflammatory processes. This position paper by the Swiss Society of Periodontology (SSP) evaluates the role of nutrition as a modifiable risk factor and integrates nutritional considerations across all phases of periodontal therapy. Available evidence suggests that a plant-based, fiber-rich, and low-sugar diet can reduce gingival inflammation and support microbial homeostasis in prevention (Stage 1). During the active therapy phases (Stages 2 and 3), the modulation of the host response by nutrients may be clinically relevant. Adjunctive intake of omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants appears to positively influence the outcomes of non-surgical therapy, while an adequate supply of proteins and vitamin D is discussed as a supportive factor for wound healing following surgical interventions. In supportive periodontal care (SPC/ Stage 4), a sustained anti-inflammatory dietary pattern may support long-term stability. Consequently, nutrition should be considered an integral, modifying component of periodontal care that meaningfully complements mechanical therapy.