Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Mouse Model of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease with Fibrosis
Published on: July 18, 2025
MASLD and the Cardiovascular-Kidney-Liver-Metabolic syndrome
Angeliki M Angelidi1,2, Chrysoula Boutari1, Michail Kokkorakis3,4
1Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Abstract:
Obesity is an alarmingly growing global epidemic strongly associated with type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and chronic kidney disease. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is considered an important contributor within this interconnected spectrum, representing a new component of the broader cardio-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome, now more aptly labelled as the cardio-kidney-liver-metabolic (CKLM) syndrome. This narrative review synthesizes evidence from epidemiological studies, clinical trials, and ongoing scientific research to explore the multifaceted associations, complex interplay and shared pathophysiological mechanisms among these disorders. The clinical implications of this interplay are substantial, underscoring the need for a holistic approach encompassing early detection, comprehensive risk assessment, and multi-targeted interventions. Therapeutic strategies discussed include lifestyle modification, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, lipid-lowering agents, and bariatric surgery. Given MASLD's potential role in the CKLM spectrum, future research should deepen the understanding of shared mechanisms and develop integrated clinical management strategies to improve outcomes and reduce their global burden.
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