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Updated: Jul 17, 2026

A Modified Lean and Release Technique to Emphasize Response Inhibition and Action Selection in Reactive Balance
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A Modified Lean and Release Technique to Emphasize Response Inhibition and Action Selection in Reactive Balance

Published on: March 19, 2020

Using a co-design approach to develop aquatic reactive balance training for fall prevention.

Anna Ogonowska-Slodownik1,2, Julia O Faria3, Shanuga Thavarajah4

  • 1Faculty of Rehabilitation, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.

Plos One
|July 15, 2026
PubMed
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Older adults can benefit from aquatic reactive balance training (AquaReBal) to reduce fall risk. Co-designing the program with end-users enhanced safety, accessibility, and engagement for better adherence.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Rehabilitation Science
  • Aquatic Therapy

Background:

  • Falls pose a significant health risk for older adults, impacting independence and increasing healthcare costs.
  • Reactive balance training can mitigate fall risk, but traditional methods face barriers like fear and discomfort.
  • Aquatic environments may offer a solution to overcome these barriers in balance training.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an aquatic reactive balance training (AquaReBal) program specifically for older adults.
  • To integrate end-user perspectives into the program design for improved safety, accessibility, and engagement.
  • To address limitations of traditional balance training through an innovative aquatic approach.

Main Methods:

  • A participatory design approach, rooted in Participatory Action Research, was employed.

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A Human-machine-interface Integrating Low-cost Sensors with a Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation System for Post-stroke Balance Rehabilitation
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A Human-machine-interface Integrating Low-cost Sensors with a Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation System for Post-stroke Balance Rehabilitation

Published on: April 12, 2016

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Last Updated: Jul 17, 2026

A Modified Lean and Release Technique to Emphasize Response Inhibition and Action Selection in Reactive Balance
07:19

A Modified Lean and Release Technique to Emphasize Response Inhibition and Action Selection in Reactive Balance

Published on: March 19, 2020

A Human-machine-interface Integrating Low-cost Sensors with a Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation System for Post-stroke Balance Rehabilitation
11:06

A Human-machine-interface Integrating Low-cost Sensors with a Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation System for Post-stroke Balance Rehabilitation

Published on: April 12, 2016

  • Older adult partners, physiotherapists, and researchers collaborated through iterative design sessions.
  • Qualitative content analysis of data from consultations, pool sessions, and feedback informed protocol refinement.
  • Main Results:

    • The AquaReBal protocol was co-designed by older adult partners and a multidisciplinary team.
    • Key partner recommendations included using a vest for perturbations and improving pool visibility.
    • Emphasis was placed on safety, instructor support, and social engagement for participant adherence.

    Conclusions:

    • The co-design process successfully tailored the AquaReBal protocol to older adults' needs and preferences.
    • This collaborative approach provides valuable insights for future feasibility and implementation of aquatic balance training.
    • The developed protocol offers a promising avenue for enhancing balance and reducing fall risk in older populations.