Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 17, 2026
05:50
A Mobile Outside-in Technique of Transforaminal Lumbar Endoscopy for Lumbar Disc Herniations
Published on: August 7, 2018
Low Volume Contralateral Periradicular Contrast Medium Spread During a Left L4 Transforaminal Epidural Injection: A
1Kartal Dr. Lütfi K?rdar City Hospital, Istanbul, Republic of Turkey.
Pain Medicine Case Reports
|July 15, 2026
Summary
Bilateral contrast spread during a transforaminal epidural steroid injection was observed with only 1 mL of contrast. This rare finding may be due to patient-specific anatomical variations.
Area of Science:
- Pain Management
- Neurosurgery
- Radiology
Background:
- Transforaminal epidural steroid injections are common for radicular pain.
- Contralateral contrast spread at very low volumes is a rare occurrence.
Related Concept Videos
01:11Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia
Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
01:29Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...