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Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...
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Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Preterm EEG: A Multimodal Neurophysiological Protocol
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Prophylactic CPAP at Cesarean Birth in Late-Preterm Newborns: A Multicenter RCT.

Birju A Shah1, Lise DeShea1, Georg M Schmölzer2

  • 1Divison of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.

Pediatrics
|July 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Prophylactic CPAP in the delivery room is safe for late-preterm infants. This intervention reduced respiratory support needs at 30 minutes and unplanned NICU admissions, though overall support duration did not significantly differ.

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Pediatric Respiratory Care
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • Late-preterm (LPT) infants frequently require neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission due to respiratory distress.
  • Assessing interventions to reduce respiratory support needs in LPT infants is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate if prophylactic continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) reduces respiratory support duration in LPT infants.
  • To determine the safety and feasibility of prophylactic CPAP in this population.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized controlled trial (PLaNT) involving LPT infants born via cesarean delivery.
  • Infants were randomized to 20 minutes of prophylactic CPAP or standard care.
  • Primary outcomes included duration of respiratory support and NICU admission.

Main Results:

  • No deaths or air leaks were observed in the 115 analyzed infants.
  • Prophylactic CPAP significantly reduced respiratory support at 30 minutes (OR, 0.4) and unplanned NICU admissions (OR, 0.35).
  • No significant difference was found in the overall duration of respiratory support initiated within the first week.

Conclusions:

  • Twenty minutes of prophylactic CPAP is a feasible and safe intervention for LPT infants.
  • The intervention shows promise in reducing early respiratory support needs and NICU admissions.
  • Further research may explore optimal CPAP duration and settings for LPT infants.