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A Naturalistic Setup for Presenting Real People and Live Actions in Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Studies
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Published on: August 4, 2023

Short-term action-effect bindings encode perceptual transitions rather than perceptual end-states.

Moritz Schaaf1, Solveig Tonn2, Wilfried Kunde3

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Trier, Johanniterufer 15, 54290, Trier, Germany. moritz.schaaf@uni-trier.de.

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|July 15, 2026
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Summary

Ideomotor learning, which involves anticipating action-outcomes, appears to focus on the transition between states, not just the final outcome. This suggests motor control mechanisms prioritize changes over static end-states.

Keywords:
Action-effect associationsBinding and retrievalGoal-based action controlTheory of event coding

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Ideomotor effect anticipation traditionally focuses on desired end-states.
  • Recent theories propose that anticipation relies on transitions between current and desired states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether ideomotor learning mechanisms are sensitive to transitions or end-states.
  • To determine the role of transition sensitivity in action-effect binding.

Main Methods:

  • Three preregistered experiments using a prime-probe design.
  • Participants performed actions producing visual effects (prime).
  • Probe stimuli either matched/mismatched end-states, with matched/mismatched transitions (onset/offset stimuli).

Main Results:

  • Action-effect binding, a precursor to ideomotor learning, was observed only when probe transitions repeated prime transitions.
  • No evidence for binding when only end-states matched but transitions differed.

Conclusions:

  • Ideomotor learning mechanisms are primarily sensitive to the transitions of action-effect sequences.
  • This transition-based sensitivity influences action-effect binding, impacting motor learning.