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Plasma Cells in Pleural Effusion

Marco P Barros Pinto1,2

  • 1Hospital Santa Maria - Unidade Local de Saúde Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal.

Cytopathology : Official Journal of the British Society for Clinical Cytology
|July 16, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Myelomatous pleural effusion (MPE) is a rare complication in multiple myeloma (MM) patients, signaling advanced disease. Early detection of MPE is vital for improving patient outcomes and treatment strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pulmonary Medicine

Background:

  • Myelomatous pleural effusion (MPE) is an uncommon manifestation of multiple myeloma (MM).
  • MPE signifies advanced-stage MM and is associated with a poor prognosis, typically less than 4 months survival.
  • The rarity and poor prognosis underscore the need for timely diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the significance of early detection of myelomatous pleural effusion (MPE) in multiple myeloma (MM).
  • To emphasize the prognostic implications of MPE in MM patients.
  • To inform clinical strategies for optimizing treatment upon MPE diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on MPE in multiple myeloma.
  • Analysis of prognostic factors associated with MPE.
  • Review of diagnostic approaches for MPE.

Main Results:

  • MPE occurs in less than 1% of multiple myeloma patients.
  • MPE is a marker of advanced disease.
  • Survival is significantly limited in patients with MPE.

Conclusions:

  • Early identification of MPE is critical for MM management.
  • Prompt diagnosis can lead to optimized therapeutic interventions.
  • Recognizing MPE's prognostic impact is essential for patient care.
Keywords:
multiple myelomamyelomatous pleural effusionplasma cells

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