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A Systematic Review on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Tuberculosis Coinfection in India
Shrikanth Muralidharan1, Vanisree Ramanathan2, Monali Nikalje3
1Department of Research, National Institute of Naturopathy, Ministry of Ayush, Government of India, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
Annals of African Medicine
|July 16, 2026
Summary
This systematic review found a wide range of human immunodeficiency virus-tuberculosis (HIV-TB) coinfection prevalence in India, with higher rates in males and specific states. More research is needed on vulnerable populations and geographic variations.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Infectious Diseases
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Human immunodeficiency virus-tuberculosis (HIV-TB) coinfection presents a significant global health challenge.
- India faces a high burden of tuberculosis (TB), contributing substantially to Asia's cases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and synthesize data on the prevalence of HIV-TB coinfection in adult patients across India.
- To analyze the geographic distribution and identify trends in HIV-TB coinfection over the last decade.
Main Methods:
- A systematic review adhering to PRISMA guidelines was conducted.
- Searches included Medline/PubMed Central, Web of Science, and Science Direct, supplemented by government reports.
- Data extraction focused on prevalence, geographic location, patient demographics, TB type, and risk factors.
Main Results:
- The prevalence of HIV-TB coinfection varied widely, from 0.4% to 42%, with most studies originating from Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra.
- Higher coinfection rates were observed in males, with primary pulmonary TB being the most common form.
- Low CD4 count (<200 cells) was identified as a significant risk factor; data on rural prevalence and specific demographics like third genders were lacking.
Conclusions:
- Comprehensive data on HIV-TB coinfection prevalence and associated factors, particularly in rural areas and among vulnerable groups, is insufficient.
- Further research is needed to understand geographic disparities and the coinfection burden across all Indian states and diverse population segments.
Keywords:
Co-infectionCoinfectionIndeIndiahuman immunodeficiency virusprevalenceprévalencereviewrevue systématiquetuberculosetuberculosisvirus de l’immunodéficience humaineMore Related Videos
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