Review of Skin Depigmentation Practices and Cutaneous Malignancy

Area of Science:

• Dermatology
• Oncology
• Public Health

Background:

• Skin bleaching is prevalent globally, particularly in populations with darker skin phenotypes.
• The long-term effects of potent skin bleaching agents on skin of color are not well understood.
• There is a growing concern regarding the potential link between skin depigmentation practices and adverse dermatological outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the association between the use of skin bleaching agents and the development of cutaneous malignancy.
• To review existing literature on skin depigmentation practices and their potential links to skin cancer.

Main Methods:

• A comprehensive scoping literature search was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar.
• Studies and reports published in English and French were included.
• The review focused on identifying research linking skin depigmentation and cutaneous malignancy.

Main Results:

• Case reports, primarily from Africa, indicate a potential association.
• Commonly used agents include topical clobetasol and hydroquinone over extended periods (≥15 years).
• Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the most frequently reported malignancy, often presenting as large, invasive lesions on sun-exposed areas in individuals with Fitzpatrick VI skin phenotype. High rates of lung metastasis and mortality were noted.

Conclusions:

• Available literature suggests a potential role of skin bleaching in causing cutaneous SCC, especially in darker skin phenotypes.
• The widespread use of skin bleaching agents necessitates greater awareness of their potential dangers.
• Dermatologists must address this public health issue due to its high morbidity and mortality, prompting further investigation.