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Pen Needle Reuse in People with Diabetes Who Inject Insulin: A Narrative Review
Diana Isaacs1, Davida Kruger2, Susan Cornell3,4
1Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Summary
Insulin pen needle reuse is common among people with diabetes due to cost and convenience. Education from healthcare professionals is crucial to reduce reuse and prevent complications like poor glycemic control.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Diabetes Management
- Patient Education
Background:
- Insulin pen needle (PN) reuse is prevalent among people with diabetes (PWD), with over 50% estimated to reuse needles.
- PN reuse can lead to serious complications, including lipohypertrophy, pain, and suboptimal glycemic management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To educate healthcare professionals (HCPs) on the implications of PN reuse.
- To review the scientific and clinical rationale for and against PN reuse.
- To provide guidance on best practices for PN use and person-centered support interventions.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive PubMed search was conducted in November 2025 using terms 'diabetes,' 'insulin,' and 'needle reuse.'
- Approximately 40 relevant articles were selected for inclusion based on scientific rigor from over 100 initial results.
Main Results:
- Convenience and cost were identified as the primary drivers for PN reuse globally.
- Understanding the specific reasons for reuse is essential for addressing the issue effectively.
Conclusions:
- Reducing PN reuse necessitates ongoing education for PWD on injection techniques and complication risks.
- HCPs and diabetes educators are trusted sources for delivering this vital information.
- Addressing PN reuse requires a non-judgmental approach to identify barriers and implement solutions.
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