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Using Artificial Intelligence to Identify Patterns and Predictors of Adverse Drug Reactions in Cardiovascular
Erfan Shahabinejad1,2, Fatemeh Soflaei-Shahrbabak3, Marzieh Gholami Shoa3
1Student Research Committee, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran. erfanshn14@gmail.com.
Summary
Artificial intelligence (AI) enhances cardiovascular drug safety by improving adverse drug reaction (ADR) detection and prediction. AI models show promise over traditional methods, but require further validation and ethical considerations for clinical use.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Pharmacovigilance
- Artificial Intelligence
Background:
- Traditional pharmacovigilance systems struggle with underreporting and delayed signal detection for adverse drug reactions (ADRs).
- Cardiovascular medicine faces challenges due to high drug use, multimorbidity, and polypharmacy, increasing ADR risks.
- Computationally enhanced approaches are needed to improve cardiovascular drug safety monitoring.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current evidence on artificial intelligence (AI) applications in cardiovascular pharmacovigilance.
- To explore AI's role in safety signal detection, patient-level risk prediction, and text-based surveillance.
- To identify challenges and future directions for AI in cardiovascular drug safety.
Main Methods:
- Narrative review synthesizing evidence on AI applications in cardiovascular pharmacovigilance.
- Analysis of machine learning (ML) models applied to structured datasets (e.g., FAERS, EHRs) and drug-target databases.
- Examination of natural language processing (NLP) advancements for extracting drug-event relationships from clinical text.
Main Results:
- ML models demonstrate improved performance in predicting bleeding risk, acute kidney injury, and QT prolongation compared to traditional methods.
- NLP, especially transformer models, aids in extracting drug-event relationships from clinical notes and patient-generated content.
- Internal validation shows promise, but external validation and addressing data heterogeneity remain challenges.
Conclusions:
- AI shows significant potential to enhance cardiovascular drug safety through improved ADR detection and prediction.
- Challenges include data heterogeneity, reporting biases, mechanistic ambiguity, and the need for external validation.
- Responsible AI implementation requires addressing ethical considerations and integrating explainable AI with clinical workflows.
Related Concept Videos
01:19Pharmacovigilance
Post-marketing surveillance is a critical component of pharmaceutical regulation, often uncovering unanticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) once a drug is widely used over an extended period.
This process, termed pharmacovigilance, aims to detect, evaluate, and minimize harmful effects related to medication use. The data collection for pharmacovigilance depends on spontaneous reporting systems, where healthcare professionals or patients voluntarily report suspected ADRs.
In some cases, there...
This process, termed pharmacovigilance, aims to detect, evaluate, and minimize harmful effects related to medication use. The data collection for pharmacovigilance depends on spontaneous reporting systems, where healthcare professionals or patients voluntarily report suspected ADRs.
In some cases, there...
01:18Cardiovascular Drugs: Classification based on Therapeutic Indications
Cardiovascular diseases, encompassing a range of conditions, can significantly affect the heart's operations and the overall circulatory system. These conditions impair the heart's ability to pump blood, leading to a deficit in oxygen supply to crucial organs. Anomalies in the heart's electrical system, known as arrhythmias, can cause heartbeats to accelerate or slow down. Usually, heart rates increase during physical activity and decrease while resting or sleeping. However, frequent irregular...
01:24Drug Toxicity: Risk factors
Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...
01:28Structure-Activity Relationships and Drug Design
Drug design is a dynamic field that involves discovering and developing new medications based on specific biological targets. This process heavily relies on structure-activity relationships (SAR) and quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) to guide the design and optimization of efficient drugs.
SAR studies the intricate relationship between a drug's chemical structure and biological activity. It focuses on understanding how modifications to a drug's structure can influence its...
SAR studies the intricate relationship between a drug's chemical structure and biological activity. It focuses on understanding how modifications to a drug's structure can influence its...
01:23Assessment of the Cardiovascular System I: Subjective Data
A thorough health history and physical assessment are essential for identifying cardiovascular disease (CVD) symptoms and distinguishing them from other health issues.
Initial Enquiry
Ask the patient about their primary concern and thoroughly explore all reported symptoms.
Medical History
Investigate past illnesses affecting the cardiovascular system, such as angina, anemia, rheumatic fever, congenital heart disease, stroke, thrombophlebitis, dysrhythmias, varicosities
Inquire about symptoms...
Initial Enquiry
Ask the patient about their primary concern and thoroughly explore all reported symptoms.
Medical History
Investigate past illnesses affecting the cardiovascular system, such as angina, anemia, rheumatic fever, congenital heart disease, stroke, thrombophlebitis, dysrhythmias, varicosities
Inquire about symptoms...
01:26Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios
Pharmaceutical poisoning can occur through various channels, impacting an estimated 2 million hospitalized patients in the U.S. annually with serious adverse drug responses. These scenarios encompass both therapeutic uses, such as drug toxicity, where even standard dosages can lead to severe central nervous system depression, and non-therapeutic exposures, including accidental ingestion by children, and environmental and occupational exposures.Unintentional poisonings often involve exploratory...