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Community-Engaged Respondent-Driven Sampling: The California Pacific Islander Well-Being and COVID-19 Economic
Brittany N Morey1, Andrew M Subica1, Sora Park Tanjasiri1
1Brittany N. Morey and Sora Park Tanjasiri are with the Department of Health, Society, and Behavior at the Joe C. Wen School of Population & Public Health, University of California, Irvine. Andrew M. Subica is with the Department of Social Medicine, Population & Public Health, University of California, Riverside. Corina S. Penaia is with the Department of Health Policy and Management at the Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles. Richard C. Chang, Shreya Paul, and Christen H. Marquez are with the NHPI Data Policy Lab at the Center for Health Policy Research, University of California, Los Angeles. 'Alisi Tulua is with the Southern California Pacific Islander Community Response Team, Los Angeles, CA. Cynthia L. Fok was with the NHPI Data Policy Lab at the Center for Health Policy Research, University of California, Los Angeles, at the time of the study. Melenaite Fifita was with the Department of Health, Society, and Behavior at the Joe C. Wen School of Population & Public Health, University of California, Irvine, at the time of this study. Royce Park and Ninez A. Ponce are with the Center for Health Policy Research at the University of California, Los Angeles.
Abstract:
Objectives. To describe how community engagement combined with respondent-driven sampling (RDS) enabled timely documentation of the mental health and socioeconomic impacts of COVID-19 on California's Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (NHPI) adult population. Methods. The California Pacific Islander Well-Being and COVID-19 Economic Survey (CAPIWAVES) was a collaboration between NHPI community-based organizations and academic researchers who sampled 929 NHPI adults in California from January to May 2024. The initial respondents were composed of a convenience sample of 58 CHamoru, Fijian, Marshallese, Native Hawaiian, Sāmoan, and Tongan respondents in Northern, Central, and Southern California, who referred up to 4 others. Results. Compared with the American Community Survey, CAPIWAVES RDS estimates differed. We reported initial data findings to NHPI community members in June 2024 in an online webinar. In April 2025, we released a report with the analyzed CAPIWAVES data, with community-generated recommendations for policy, programming, and research. Conclusions. Although data were not population-representative, community-engaged RDS was an efficient method for collecting and disseminating needed data for minoritized populations. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print July 16, 2026:e1-e12. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2026.308517).
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