Task-dependent reorganization of digit forces in fencing

Area of Science:

• Biomechanics
• Sports Science
• Human Movement Analysis

Background:

• Effective weapon control in fencing relies on precise finger force coordination.
• The organization of digit-level grip forces during dynamic fencing actions is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

• To quantify finger-force distribution during fencing thrusts.
• To determine the influence of spatial accuracy and temporal constraints on grip force organization.

Main Methods:

• Thirty-four elite foil and épée fencers performed thrusts under self-paced and reaction-time conditions.
• Digit contact forces were recorded using an instrumented handle; muscle activity was assessed via surface electromyography.

Main Results:

• Finger forces were asymmetrically distributed, with the index finger and thumb-index unit contributing the most.
• Temporal constraints (reaction-time) increased middle finger contribution and shifted force from the thumb-index unit.
• Spatial accuracy demands had minimal effect on force distribution.

Conclusions:

• Fencing grip relies on a stable, adaptable multi-digit strategy.
• Temporal constraints, rather than spatial demands, primarily influence force redistribution across the hand during fencing actions.