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Published on: May 17, 2024
Hydroxytyrosol attenuates STZ-induced nephropathy in pinealectomized rats: Associations with oxidative stress,
Derya Cinar1, Eyup Altinoz2, Feyza Basak3
1Department of Anatomy, School of Health Science, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey.
Background:
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a significant microvascular disorder that develops as a serious complication of chronic diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of hydroxytyrosol (HT) against STZ-induced nephropathy in pinealectomized rats, with particular focus on oxidative stress, inflammation, and changes associated with SIRT1, Nrf2, and GPX4.
Methodology:
In the study, both sham and pinealectomized rats were rendered diabetic through an STZ injection and subsequently treated with HT (10 mg/kg) for 15 days.
Results:
The results indicated that HT treatment reduced the severity of DN, as evidenced by decreased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) levels. Additionally, HT enhanced renal antioxidant capacity, as demonstrated by increased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), along with elevated levels of reduced glutathione (GSH). Furthermore, HT suppressed renal inflammation, as reflected by reduced levels of TNF-α and IL-1β, and attenuated oxidative stress. Histopathological alterations and changes in SIRT1, Nrf2, and GPX4 immunoreactivity were associated with improvements following HT treatment in STZ-induced DN.
Conclusion:
Overall, the current study suggests that HT supplementation may exert renoprotective effects against STZ-induced nephropathy, accompanied by attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammation and associated with changes in SIRT1, Nrf2, and GPX4 immunoreactivity.