Implementation science infrastructure in U.S. academic institutions: a convergent mixed-methods study

Area of Science:

• Implementation Science
• Academic Health Centers
• Public Health Programs

Background:

• Growing interest in implementation science (IS) has led to numerous academic centers and programs in the U.S.
• Limited understanding of the structure, funding, and sustainability of these IS entities.
• This study characterizes U.S. academic IS centers' infrastructure, funding, services, and organizational practices.

Purpose of the Study:

• To characterize the infrastructure, funding models, service offerings, and organizational structures of IS centers and programs in U.S. academic institutions.
• To identify common practices, strengths, and challenges faced by these centers.
• To inform strategies for enhancing the sustainability and impact of academic IS initiatives.

Main Methods:

• Convergent mixed methods study combining a web-based review and a REDCap survey.
• Identified 48 IS centers/programs at U.S. academic institutions via targeted web searches.
• Analyzed website data and survey responses from program leaders on funding, services, workforce, and sustainability.

Main Results:

• Most centers focus on research, mentorship, and teaching; common services include training and consultation.
• Funding primarily relies on grants and institutional support, with limited diversification.
• Sustainability challenges stem from reliance on external funding, staffing issues, and inadequate succession planning.

Conclusions:

• Academic IS centers are vital for workforce development and implementation support but face funding sustainability issues.
• Recommendations include diversifying funding, increasing institutional investment, improving succession planning, and adopting broader impact-oriented metrics.
• Addressing these areas can enhance the long-term effectiveness and systemic impact of IS centers.