Successful Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Primary Esophageal Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma

Primary esophageal extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) is extremely rare, and its optimal management has not been established. We report a case of primary esophageal MALT lymphoma that was successfully treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). A 70-year-old woman presented with an elevated lesion in the lower esophagus that was detected incidentally on computed tomography. Endoscopy and endoscopic ultrasonography revealed a subepithelial lesion confined to the submucosal layer without apparent invasion of the muscularis propria. Although an endoscopic biopsy suggested a low-grade lymphoma, a definitive diagnosis could not be established because of the limited tissue volume. Therefore, ESD was performed to obtain an adequate specimen for definitive diagnosis, and complete resection was achieved as a result. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations of the resected specimen confirmed primary esophageal MALT lymphoma. The patient has remained in complete remission for 3 years without additional therapy. This case suggests that ESD may be a diagnostic and therapeutic option for primary esophageal MALT lymphoma. Trial Registration: N/A.