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Understanding the Workflows in Dynamic and Robotic Computer-Assisted Implant Surgery
Adria Jorba-Garcia1, Shengchi Fan2, Feng Wang3
1Department of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Clinical and Experimental Dental Research
|July 17, 2026
Summary
Computer-assisted implant surgery (CAIS) uses digital workflows for dental implants. Dynamic (d-CAIS) and robotic (r-CAIS) systems offer distinct navigation and execution methods for improved implant placement.
Area of Science:
- Dentistry
- Surgical Technology
- Medical Informatics
Background:
- Computer-assisted implant surgery (CAIS) integrates digital planning with execution modalities.
- Dynamic (d-CAIS) and robotic (r-CAIS) systems are key CAIS approaches with shared principles and distinct features.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a structured overview of d-CAIS and r-CAIS fundamental concepts and workflows.
- To highlight shared components, procedural steps, and system-specific characteristics of d- and r-CAIS.
- To establish a conceptual framework for clinicians evaluating emerging CAIS technologies.
Main Methods:
- Comparative overview of dynamic and robotic computer-assisted implant surgery systems.
- Analysis of shared technological principles, including digital planning, spatial positioning, registration, and feedback.
- Discussion of system-specific characteristics, differentiating freehand navigation from robotic assistance.
Main Results:
- Both d-CAIS and r-CAIS utilize digital treatment planning, spatial positioning, registration, and real-time feedback.
- d-CAIS facilitates operator-controlled freehand execution with navigation.
- r-CAIS incorporates robotic assistance or autonomy for enhanced surgical workflow.
Conclusions:
- Understanding the conceptual framework of d- and r-CAIS is crucial for clinicians.
- CAIS technologies offer advantages but also present challenges in clinical implementation, cost, and training.
- This overview supports informed evaluation of CAIS technologies in contemporary implant dentistry.
