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Advances in applications of siRNA in cancer therapy: challenges and opportunities

Mohamad Mehrparvar1, Shima Shabani2, Farshid Oruji3

  • 1Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshghah Ave, Tabriz, Iran.

Clinical & Translational Oncology : Official Publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico
|July 18, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) shows promise in cancer therapy by silencing genes. Combination therapies with siRNA can enhance treatment efficacy, though delivery and off-target effects remain challenges for clinical use.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Small interfering RNA (siRNA) plays a crucial role in gene regulation and silencing.
  • siRNA mechanisms are key to inhibiting cancer progression.
  • Recent advances focus on siRNA applications in cancer treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in siRNA-based cancer therapy.
  • To explore combination therapy approaches integrating siRNA with other modalities.
  • To assess the clinical progress, challenges, and future potential of siRNA in oncology.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of siRNA in cancer therapy.
  • Analysis of combination therapy strategies.
  • Summary of key clinical trials and challenges.

Main Results:

  • siRNA demonstrates potential for synergistic effects when combined with conventional and emerging therapies.
  • Combination strategies show promise for enhanced therapeutic efficacy and improved outcomes.
  • Clinical trials highlight progress but also persistent challenges in siRNA delivery and off-target effects.

Conclusions:

  • siRNA is a promising therapeutic tool in oncology.
  • Combination approaches are crucial for maximizing siRNA's potential.
  • Further research is needed to overcome delivery and off-target challenges for successful clinical translation.
Keywords:
Cancer therapyClinical applicationsPrecision medicineShort interfering RNA

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