Alveolar Ridge Preservation Using Low Dosage Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 Incorporated Biomimetic Calcium Phosphate

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Regenerative Medicine
• Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Background:

• Alveolar ridge preservation is crucial after tooth extraction to maintain bone volume.
• Bone substitutes are used to augment extraction sockets and prevent dimensional loss.
• Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) is known for its osteoinductive properties.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the efficacy of a novel bone graft material, BMP-2 incorporated biomimetic calcium phosphate (BMP-2/BioCaP) with a collagen matrix.
• To assess its potential for alveolar ridge preservation in canine extraction sockets.

Main Methods:

• Canine mandibular premolar extraction sockets were treated with BMP-2/BioCaP, deproteinised bovine bone matrix (DBBM), biomimetic calcium phosphate (BioCaP), or left untreated (control).
• Grafts were covered with a collagen matrix.
• Ridge dimensional changes were assessed using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) at 12 weeks.
• Microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) and histomorphometric analyses were performed.

Main Results:

• BMP-2/BioCaP and DBBM groups showed significantly less buccal height and ridge width loss compared to the control.
• BMP-2/BioCaP demonstrated superior bone mineral density, bone volume fraction, and trabecular number.
• Histology confirmed higher new bone volume density and reduced non-mineralized tissue in the BMP-2/BioCaP group.

Conclusions:

• BMP-2/BioCaP combined with a collagen matrix is effective for alveolar ridge preservation.
• This combination promotes new bone formation and shows promise as a clinical bone substitute.
• The findings suggest BMP-2/BioCaP is a feasible strategy for ridge preservation and bone regeneration.