Alveolar Ridge Preservation Using Low Dosage Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 Incorporated Biomimetic Calcium Phosphate

To evaluate the efficacy of low dosage bone morphogenetic protein 2 incorporated biomimetic calcium phosphate (BMP-2/BioCaP) combined with a collagen matrix for alveolar ridge preservation in canine extraction sockets.

Distal roots of mandibular premolars were atraumatically extracted from six dogs. The extraction sockets were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: (a) no graft (blank control), (b) deproteinised bovine bone matrix (DBBM), (c) biomimetic calcium phosphate (BioCaP), and (d) BMP-2/BioCaP. Groups (b) to (d) were covered with a collagen matrix. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were obtained immediately after surgery and at 12 weeks postoperatively. The images were superimposed to assess vertical and horizontal ridge dimensional changes. After euthanasia, the specimens were subjected to microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) and histomorphometric analyses.

CBCT analyses revealed significantly less buccal height and ridge width loss in the BMP-2/BioCaP and DBBM groups compared with the control. Micro-CT demonstrated greater bone mineral density, bone volume fraction, and trabecular number in the BMP-2/BioCaP group. Histological evaluation confirmed significantly higher new bone volume density in the BMP-2/BioCaP group compared with DBBM and BioCaP. Nonmineralised tissue volume density was significantly reduced in the BMP-2/BioCaP group compared with the control and BioCaP.

BMP-2/BioCaP combined with a collagen matrix effectively preserves alveolar ridge dimensions and enhances new bone formation, indicating its promise as a bone substitute for clinical ridge preservation.

BMP-2/BioCaP demonstrated improved ridge preservation and bone regeneration compared with natural healing in this animal model, suggesting its potential as a feasible strategy for alveolar ridge preservation.