Emotions explain typical paradoxes in the behavior of biological systems

Emotions in biological systems are superimposed onto rational actions similarly to colored intrinsic noise superimposed on operationally testable measurements. This idea has recently been developed into a dynamic probabilistic approach. In order to confirm the effectiveness of the approach, it is now applied to the treatment of typical paradoxes in the behavior of biological systems and it is shown that, at the aggregate level, the approach provides quantitative explanation of these paradoxes. A social or biological system of several agents exchanging information forms a dynamic probabilistic network. In an informative society the role of emotions is shown to fade with time. On the other side, a society of affective agents can be influenced through emotions so that to force them to accomplish the desired prescribed actions.