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Multilevel, Actionable Factors Related to Adolescent Dairy Intake: A Scoping Review Guided by the Social Ecological
Emily Sklar1, Marcela D Radtke1,2, Brittany Loofbourrow1
1Scherr Nutrition Science Consulting, LLC, San Francisco, CA, United States.
Current Developments in Nutrition
|July 19, 2026
Summary
Adolescent dairy intake, crucial for calcium, is influenced by individual, family, school, and policy factors. Interventions must address these multiple levels to improve teen nutrition and meet dietary recommendations.
Area of Science:
- Nutrition Science
- Public Health
- Adolescent Health
Background:
- Adolescents globally exhibit inadequate nutrient and food group consumption.
- Adolescence is a critical period for establishing lifelong healthy eating patterns due to growth and autonomy.
- Dairy consumption is a key indicator for calcium adequacy in adolescent diets.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify actionable factors influencing adolescent dairy consumption patterns.
- To inform interventions and policies for improving adolescent diet-related health outcomes.
- To utilize the Social Ecological Model (SEM) framework for a multilevel analysis.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive scoping review of four major databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL) was conducted.
- 11,691 articles were screened, with 181 included based on predefined criteria.
- The Social Ecological Model (SEM) was applied to categorize identified factors.
Main Results:
- Individual factors (knowledge, literacy), interpersonal influences (family, peers), and institutional settings (schools) significantly impact dairy intake.
- Community factors (dairy availability, access) and policy-level interventions (school policies, food assistance) are also crucial.
- A multilevel approach encompassing all SEM spheres is essential for effective interventions.
Conclusions:
- Improving adolescent dairy consumption requires addressing determinants across individual, interpersonal, institutional, community, and policy levels.
- Targeted interventions informed by the SEM are needed to promote healthier eating behaviors in adolescents.
- Further research and policy development should focus on these multilevel determinants to enhance adolescent nutrition.
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