Electrochemical Biosensing Strategies for Oral Health: From Engineered Interfaces to Advanced Transistor...

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Analytical Chemistry
• Oral Health

Background:

• Oral diseases pose a significant global health challenge.
• There is a critical need for sensitive, accessible, and noninvasive diagnostic tools for oral health monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review electrochemical biosensing strategies for oral disease diagnosis.
• To explore methods for early detection and stable sensing in complex oral environments.
• To discuss the potential of advanced transistor architectures like OECTs.

Main Methods:

• Review of electrochemical sensor structures and operating mechanisms.
• Summary of applications in detecting oral disease biomarkers (nucleic acids, proteins, pathogens).
• Examination of signal amplification techniques (nanomaterials, enzymes, nucleic acid amplification) and antifouling interfaces.
• Focus on organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) for high-gain readout.

Main Results:

• Electrochemical biosensing translates biomolecular interactions in oral fluids into electrical signals.
• Signal amplification and antifouling strategies enhance sensitivity and stability.
• OECTs provide intrinsic signal amplification for detecting low-abundance biomarkers.

Conclusions:

• Electrochemical biosensing is a promising technology for point-of-care oral disease diagnosis.
• Advanced strategies and OECTs pave the way for precision dentistry.
• Further development is needed to address challenges and enable translation to modern oral health management.