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Interfacial microenvironment regulation in photoelectrocatalytic CO2 reduction: mechanisms, strategies, and
Kewei Wu1, Mulin Wu1, Mingyue Zou1
1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China. liwenzhang@csu.edu.cn.
Abstract:
Photoelectrocatalytic CO2 reduction (PEC CO2RR) is a promising strategy for converting solar energy into valuable carbon-based fuels and chemicals. However, its efficiency and selectivity are often limited by poor control over local reaction conditions at the catalyst/electrolyte interface. This review highlights the emerging role of interfacial microenvironment engineering in regulating PEC CO2RR performance. Key factors, including local CO2 concentration, proton availability, electric-field effects, ion distribution, and intermediate stabilization, are discussed in relation to reaction selectivity and catalytic activity. Recent advances in wettability engineering, triphase interfaces, defect regulation, ionomer interlayers, and operando characterization techniques are also summarized. This review provides a clear framework for understanding how interfacial microenvironments govern PEC CO2RR and offers perspectives for the rational design of efficient and selective solar-driven CO2 conversion systems.
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