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Limbus-Sparing Congenital Central Corneal Dermoid: A Rare Developmental Anomaly
Prabhjot Singh1, Vijay Kumar Sharma1, Manisha Agarwal2
1Armed Forces Medical College.
Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus
|July 21, 2026
Summary
A rare central corneal dermoid, a benign tumor, was surgically removed in a 1-year-old boy. This limbus-sparing case challenges current understanding of tumor origins, showing both epithelial and mesenchymal stem cell markers.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Developmental Biology
- Pathology
Background:
- Corneal dermoids are rare congenital tumors, typically located at the limbus.
- Central corneal dermoids sparing the limbus are exceptionally rare, with limited documented cases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To report a rare case of a limbus-sparing central corneal dermoid.
- To describe its clinical presentation, surgical management, and histopathologic characteristics.
- To investigate the cellular origins using immunohistochemistry.
Main Methods:
- Ophthalmic examination and B-scan ultrasonography.
- Surgical excision with penetrating keratoplasty.
- Histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis using markers like SMA, CD34, vimentin, and p63.
Main Results:
- A 7.5 × 7.5 mm yellowish-brown mass involving the full-thickness central cornea with adhesions.
- Histopathology revealed stratified squamous epithelium and fibrocollagenous tissue.
- Immunohistochemistry showed unexpected positive staining for both epithelial (p63) and mesenchymal (SMA, CD34, vimentin) stem cell markers.
Conclusions:
- This case represents an extremely rare limbus-sparing central corneal dermoid.
- Findings challenge existing theories on the embryological origin of central corneal dermoids.
- Long-term follow-up is crucial due to potential complications.
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